The process typically involves the patient providing a sputum sample, which is ideally collected in the morning before eating or drinking. A deep cough is used to bring up material from the lungs, and the patient then expectorates into a sterile container. This sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis.
In the laboratory, the sputum sample is examined under a microscope, and various tests may be conducted, including bacterial cultures, microscopic examination for the presence of white blood cells, and molecular tests for specific pathogens. The results help identify the causative agent of respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or tuberculosis.
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